tough

英 [t?f] 美[t?f]

反義詞

TEM4TOEFLCET4IELTS考研CET6中高頻詞核心詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?toughs;副詞:?toughly;名詞:?toughness;

1. “他服” => 我非常堅強、頑強、強壯，讓他很服氣、很佩服。
2. 他服了，我實在是太頑強了，他徹底服氣了。

tough 堅硬的，堅強的，艱難的，艱苦的

來自古英語 toh,結(jié)實的，堅硬的，來自 Proto-Germanic*tanhuz,結(jié)實的，堅硬的，來自 PIE*denk, 咬，詞源同 tongs,tang.拼寫受 rough,enough 等影響。引申諸相關(guān)詞義。詞義的多樣化演變比較 hardy.

tough (adj.): Old English toh "strong and firm in texture, tenacious, sticky," from Proto-Germanic *tanhu- (cognates: Middle Low German tege, Middle Dutch taey, Dutch taai, Old High German zach, German z?h), which Watkins suggests is from PIE *denk- "to bite," from the notion of "holding fast." See rough for spelling change.

From c. 1200 as "strong, powerful;" c. 1300 as "not tender or fragile;" early 14c. as "difficult to chew," also "hard to endure." Figurative sense of "steadfast" is mid-14c.; that of "hard to do, trying, laborious" is from 1610s. Verb tough it "endure the experience" is first recorded 1830, American English. Tough guy attested from 1901. Tough-minded first recorded 1907 in William James. Tough luck first recorded 1912; tough shit, dismissive retort to a complaint, is from 1946.
tough (n.): "street ruffian," 1866, American English, from tough (adj.).

3. They believe that a tough, materially poor childhood is character-building.: 他們認為一個艱難貧困的童年有助于性格的培養(yǎng)。